THE OLD ECONOMIC MAP IN THE REGION OF MÄLAREN.

SPAFARIEFF, Leonty

Knight Leontiy Vassilievich Spafaryev (1765 - 30 January 1847) was a Lieutenant General of the Imperial Russian Navy. Spafaryev was Director of the Lighthouse Administration and cartographer of the Russian Admiralty.
Spafariev was an important contributor to the improvement of navigation along the Russian coasts. The first lighthouses in Russia were built during tsar Peter the Great's drive for reform and modernization at the beginning of the 18th century. However, it was only until the Administration of Lighthouses was created in 1807 that the Russian lighthouse system followed an organized pattern, becoming effective and efficient. This office was established by the Russian Navy and it began under the leadership of Leontiy V. Spafaryev.
As a cartographer, perhaps his most outstanding work is the 'Atlas of the Gulf of Finland', published in 1817. His name is spelt as 'Spafarief' or 'Spafarieff' in the United States.
The Spafaryev Islands in the Sea of Okhotsk and Spafarief Bay in the coast of Alaska...
Bland arbeten.
Atlas of the Gulf of Finland containing the South Coast, with the Islands from cape Luserort to Cronstadt with Light houses & Towers necessary to be known for sailing by night.

Vallet, Paul-Joseph

Bland arbeten.
Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire universel raisonné des connaissances humaines.

HILL, JOHN WILLIAM

(1812–1879) was a British born American artist working in watercolor, gouache, lithography, and engraving.
Hill's work focussed primarily upon natural subjects including landscapes, still lifes, and ornithological and zoological subjects. In the 1850s, influenced by John Ruskin and Hill's association with American followers of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, his attention turned from technical illustration toward still life and landscape.

Hill was the son of British aquatint engraver John Hill. He emigrated with his parents from London to the United States in 1819, initially living in Philadelphia. In 1822 the family moved to New York, where Hill apprenticed in aquatint engraving in his father's shop.

In 1838 Hill married Catherine Smith - their children included the astronomer George William Hill and the painter John Henry Hill.

In watercolor and aquatint engravings, Hill employed a stipple technique, building up planes of softly gradated colors made of tiny brushstrokes–a process commonly seen in painted miniatures. Applied to a larger scale on canvas the result was a form of objective real...

Karta öfver Stockholm. - 1904.

'Tanto Sockerbruk, Stockholm.' - Gustaf Pabst 1870-1879.

The old economic map in the Region of Mälaren.

In connection with the enclose process (“laga skifte”) it was recommended that a summary of the maps to generalized representation of whole parishes be produced. This work was much furthered by the order that the parish maps could serve as a sort of qualification works for surveyors. Summaries of the enclosure maps were also put together as framework (“stomkartor”) both for the topographic maps and for the economic maps that were drawn for "härad" districts that consists of a group of parishes. The economic "härad" maps were printed in the scale of 1:50 000 beginning with the maps of the "härad" of Uppsala county (“län”) 1860. The economic maps of Uppsala, Stockholm, Södermanland and Västmanland counties are here analyzed as to their reliability as sources for geographical studies by means of a comparison between the printed maps, the field maps (e.g. the revised "stomkartor") and the underlying enclosure maps. The descriptions (“beskrivningar”) belonging to the economic maps have been compared with official statistics from the same years, if possible. As a result it can be said that the old economic maps are well done and the field checking was very carefully performed. Consequently the maps in question give a very fine synchronous view of the regions. They should be more used by geographers, historians and statisticians. Unfortunately all Sweden does not possess such maps.