Bland arbeten.
Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire universel raisonné des connaissances humaines.
1754-1835.
Engelsk förläggare och kartograf. Cary var en företagsam förlagsbokhandlare som 1787 började ge ut små och billiga kartor över engelska landområden. 1794 fick han i uppdrag av 'Postmaster General' att utarbeta nya vägkartor över England. Dessa följdes av 'General Atlas of the World' (1808 och 1811) och 'New universal Atlas'. Han räknas som en av de främsta engelska kartograferna. Firman G. & J. Cary gav även ut resehandböcker, glober, stjärnkartor, geologiska kartor, matematiska instrument, mikroskop etc.
Bland arbeten.
General Atlas of the World.
New universal Atlas.
Lynam. - Tooley.
1703-1759. Född i Memmingen, Bayern.
Målare, gravör och konstruktionsritare. Anlände till St Petersburg 1741 tillsammans med gravören Johann Stenglein. Grimmel medverkade bl.a. i utgivningen av en 'Atlas Russicus' 1745 (Inte d'Isles atlas som kom samma år med samma namn.), samt gav även ut ett arbete i fyra blad 'Ladoga-kanal' 1741-42.
En av Grimmels elever vid vetenskapsakademin var Mikhail Makhayev.
Matthaeus Seutter gjorde kopior på vissa av Grimmels kartor så tidigt som under 1740-talet, bland annat 'Ingria et Carelia' samt 'Teshenije Nevy reky...'.
Bland arbeten.
Finskoj zaliv ot Kronshtata do Sanktpeterburga... = Der Sinus Finnicus von Cronstad bis St.Petersbürg benebst den aug seinen Kusten befindlichen Lusthöfen [engraved map] / J. Grimmel del. [St. Petersburg, c.1742].
Karta Ingermanlandii i Karelii. [The Academy of Sciences in St Petersburg]; Grimel del. - [St. Petersburg, c.1742].
Ladozhkoj kanal. Canalis Ladogensis [engraved map] / J. Grimmel del. [St. Petersburg, c.1742].
Ladozhskoe Ozero i Finskii zaliv s prilezhashchimi mestami. Lacus Ladoga et sinus Finnicus. [The Academy of Sciences in St Petersburg]; J. Grimel del. [St. Petersburg, c.1742].
Magnus Ducatus Finlandiae. [The Academy of Sciences in St Petersburg]; Grimel del. - [St. Petersburg, c.1743].
Techenije Nevy reky iz Ladozhgago ozera k St.Peterburgu = Fluwius Newa... [engraved map] / J: Grimmel del. - [St. Petersburg, c.1741-42].
Karta öfver Stockholm. - 1904.
Ängskavle, Alopecurus pratensis - Lindman, C. A. M, Bilder ur Nordens Flora 1917-26.
Cassini de Thury, César-François
Biografiska uppgifter:17 June 1714 – 4 September 1784
César-François Cassini de Thury (17 June 1714 – 4 September 1784), also called Cassini III or Cassini de Thury, was a French astronomer and cartographer.
Cassini de Thury was born in Thury-sous-Clermont (Oise), the second son of Jacques Cassini and Suzanne Françoise Charpentier de Charmois. He was a grandson of Giovanni Domenico Cassini, and would become the father of Jean-Dominique Cassini, Comte de Cassini.
In 1735, he became a member of the French Academy of Sciences as a supernumerary adjunct astronomer, in 1741 as an adjunct astronomer, and in 1745 as a full member astronomer.
In January, 1751 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
He succeeded to his father’s official position in 1756 and continued the hereditary surveying operations. In 1744, he began the construction of a great topographical map of France, one of the landmarks in the history of cartography. Completed by his son Jean-Dominique, Cassini IV and published by the Académie des Sciences from 1744 to 1793, its 180 plates are known as the Cassini map(fr).
The post of director of the Paris observatory was created for his benefit in 1771 when the establishment ceased to be a dependency of the French Academy of Sciences.
His chief works are: La méridienne de l’Observatoire Royal de Paris (1744), a correction of the Paris meridian; Description géométrique de la terre (1775); and Description géométrique de la France (1784), which was completed by his son ('Cassini IV').
César-François Cassini de Thury died of smallpox in Paris on 4 September 1784,
The Cassini projection is a map projection described by César-François Cassini de Thury in 1745. It is the transverse aspect of theequirectangular projection, in that the globe is first rotated so the central meridian becomes the 'equator', and then the normal equirectangular projection is applied.
In practice, the projection has always been applied to models of the earth as an ellipsoid, which greatly complicates the mathematical development but is suitable for surveying. Nevertheless the use of the Cassini projection has largely been superseded by the Transverse Mercator projection, at least with central mapping agencies.
Areas along the central meridian, and at right angles to it, are not distorted. Elsewhere, the distortion is largely in a north-south direction, and varies by the square of the distance from the central meridian. As such, the greater the longitudinal extent of the area, the worse the distortion becomes.
Due to this, the Cassini projection works best on long, narrow areas, and worst on wide areas.
