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Biografier.

LOWITZ, GEORG MORITZ.

1722-74.
Tysk astronom och fysiker. Född i Fürth, död i Ilowla, Ryssland. Redan som mycket ung blev han anställd som kartritare hos de Homannska arvingarna, senare även upptagen i firman. 1754 blev han professor i matematik i Göttingen, och 1767 blev han kallad till St. Petersburg som medlem av vetenskapsakademin där. Av Katharina II fick han i uppdrag att leda mätningen av Volgadistriktet, ett led i den första fullständiga kartläggningen av det ryska riket. Under arbetet blev han mördad av ryska kosacker. Av hans författarskap, som främst bestod av fysiska och astronomiska avhandlingar, kan nämnas 'Beschreibung der Nürnberger Erd- und Himmelsgloben' (1749).

Bland arbeten.
Beschreibung der Nürnberger Erd- und Himmelsgloben.


Allg. d. Biogr.

BOWLES, JOHN.


Engelsk kartförläggare i mitten av 1700-talet. Han gav troligen inte ut någon hel atlas, men däremot en rad enkla kartor. 1753 gav John Bowles & Son ut 'A catalogue of Maps, Prints, Copy-Books, etc. '


Bland arbeten.
A catalogue of Maps, Prints, Copy-Books, etc.


Brown, s. 354. - Tooley.

PROBST, GEORG BALTHASAR.


Was the most important member of an Augsburg family of artists and publishers. He was the German representative of the 'Vue d'Optique' , a genre of copper engravings showing in the size of this here shown print the architectural 'wonders of the world' to people mainly during fairs. The prints were pushed into a view box and the viewers, one at a time, could look through a lens to see the prints inserted into the box by the operator, for money, of course. There were French, Italian, Spanish, publishers of Vue d'Optique prints. But the most famous and the most true to facts ones came from the Augsburg workshop of G.B. Probst. He produced ca. 400 of them, not only views of places, but also a variety of other subject matters. While most prints of this genre were loudly and heavily colored, a small series was left black and white, truly showing their artistic value beyond the fulfilment of curiosity at fairs.


Amiral Häggs flaggkarta. - Stockholm 1888.


Blåbär, Vaccinium myrtillius - Lindman, C. A. M, Bilder ur Nordens Flora 1917-26.

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Verden, Karl van.

Carl Van Verden (fl. c. 1718 - 1730) was a Dutch seaman in the employ of the Russian Navy during the early 18th century. Van Verden is best known for his important 1719 - 1721 mapping of the Caspian Sea, which was the most sophisticated and accurate that had been issued to date. A significant cartographic achievement, Van Verden's work on the Caspian led directly to Peter the Great's 1722 invasion of Baku and Derbent and Russian hegemony in the region. Despite his achievements in the Caspian, Van Verden was later passed up by the Tzar in favor of Vitus Behring for the commission to discover a Northeast Passage through the Russian Arctic.

Around 1718 the Russian Tzar, Peter the Great, sponsored a number of cartographic expeditions to the farthest reaches of his vast empire. Most of these were headed up by Dutch navigators, the most experienced and mercenary of the era. Carl Van Verden, a Dutch seaman, was commissioned as a Russian naval officer and assigned the task of mapping the Caspian Sea. Though well known since antiquity the world’s largest lake was largely ignored by surveyors until Van Verden’s work in the early 18th century. Van Verden’s work had significant political ramifications. Peter the Great, Russia’s most expansionist Tzar, was determined to make the Caspian a “Russian Lake” and invaded the region in 1722 seizing Derbent and Baku.

Copies of Van Verden’s work eventually made their way to Paris via Nicholas de L’Isle, brother to the more famous cartographer G. de L’Isle. Geographers in Paris quick recognized the importance of the work and the era most significant cartographers and map publishers, including Homann, De L’Isle, Moll, and Covens and Mortier, were quick to copy and publish their own variants of the Van Verden chart. This example is of the more obscure such charts. Published in Paris around 1730, this map offers a number of important elements. All text is in both French and transliterated Russian, so “Bulsebek” becomes “Usbech” and “La Mer Caspie” becomes “More Gualenskoi”, etc. Many of the mountains along the lake’s western and southern shores are noted and curiously rendered with an unusual lake-centric orientation. Also noted are the Caspian’s various reefs, shoals, sandbars, and other undersea dangers.
Bland arbeten:
Carte Marine de la Mer Caspiene.

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