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Biografier.

Heather, William


(fl. 1790-1812). Publisher at the sign of the Little Midshipman, later called Navigation Warehouse No. 157 Leadenhall Street. Joined by Williams 1768 [Heather & Williams] - up to 1800; succeeded by Norie 1812.
Bland arbeten.
Clements' Thames 1791, China Seas 1799, Pilot American Ocean 1795-1801, Harbours Brit. Channel 1801, New Mediterranean Pilot 1802, Andaman & Nicobar Is. 1803, New North Sea Pilot 1807, Marine Atlas 1808, North Amer. Pilot 1810, Pilot London Spain 1810, Pilot Brazils 1811, World 1812.


Tooley

CRONSTEDT, CARL OLOF.

1756-1820.
King Gustav III's flag captain in a battle at Svensksund. Appointed state secretary for maritime affairs, later adjutant-general for the fleets. Fell out of favour and was demoted in 1801. When commandant of Sveaborg fortress in Helsinki in 1808, he ignominiously capitulated to the Russians.


Sveriges sjökartor – A. Hedin.

NORDENCREUTZ, FREDRIK JAKOB.

Född 1723, död 1793.
Öfverste och chef för finska fortifikationsbrigaden. Son till Filip Nordencreutz.

Bland arbeten.
Manuskriptkarta - 'Special hydrographisk carta öfwer Öster-Giötlands skiärgård ifrån Näfweqwarn till Walmarswijk [Kartografiskt material] : med dess öar, holmar ock siöar, samt skiär, hamnar ock redder, med segellederne för stora ock små fartyg / observerat, plicktat ock peijlat uti Augusti månad 1734 af Nils Strömcrona. Renowerad ock efter andre cartor tillökt af F.I. Nordencreutz'

Manuskriptkarta, 1749 - 'Carta no. 1 öfwer södre delen af Sawolax [Kartografiskt material] : utwisandes de större ock mindre wägar ifrån den nu projecterade gräntzen in åt Sawolax ock Tawastehus läner, samt huru de med siöar ock watten befinnas coupperade / sammandragen af Fred. Iac. Nordencreutz'


Vägvisare för XI Olympiaden i Berlin - 1936


Öregrund med inlopp - Kongl. Sjömätningscorpsen 1811.

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Verden, Karl van.

Carl Van Verden (fl. c. 1718 - 1730) was a Dutch seaman in the employ of the Russian Navy during the early 18th century. Van Verden is best known for his important 1719 - 1721 mapping of the Caspian Sea, which was the most sophisticated and accurate that had been issued to date. A significant cartographic achievement, Van Verden's work on the Caspian led directly to Peter the Great's 1722 invasion of Baku and Derbent and Russian hegemony in the region. Despite his achievements in the Caspian, Van Verden was later passed up by the Tzar in favor of Vitus Behring for the commission to discover a Northeast Passage through the Russian Arctic.

Around 1718 the Russian Tzar, Peter the Great, sponsored a number of cartographic expeditions to the farthest reaches of his vast empire. Most of these were headed up by Dutch navigators, the most experienced and mercenary of the era. Carl Van Verden, a Dutch seaman, was commissioned as a Russian naval officer and assigned the task of mapping the Caspian Sea. Though well known since antiquity the world’s largest lake was largely ignored by surveyors until Van Verden’s work in the early 18th century. Van Verden’s work had significant political ramifications. Peter the Great, Russia’s most expansionist Tzar, was determined to make the Caspian a “Russian Lake” and invaded the region in 1722 seizing Derbent and Baku.

Copies of Van Verden’s work eventually made their way to Paris via Nicholas de L’Isle, brother to the more famous cartographer G. de L’Isle. Geographers in Paris quick recognized the importance of the work and the era most significant cartographers and map publishers, including Homann, De L’Isle, Moll, and Covens and Mortier, were quick to copy and publish their own variants of the Van Verden chart. This example is of the more obscure such charts. Published in Paris around 1730, this map offers a number of important elements. All text is in both French and transliterated Russian, so “Bulsebek” becomes “Usbech” and “La Mer Caspie” becomes “More Gualenskoi”, etc. Many of the mountains along the lake’s western and southern shores are noted and curiously rendered with an unusual lake-centric orientation. Also noted are the Caspian’s various reefs, shoals, sandbars, and other undersea dangers.
Bland arbeten:
Carte Marine de la Mer Caspiene.

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